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　　It’s getting hot, and it’s time to turn on the air conditioner. But can you really use air conditioning? Is it only cooling in summer and heating in winter? Air-conditioning remote controllers are generally equipped with a variety of use modes, and different modes have different use effects. Let’s take a look at it.By comparison, it can be seen that solar air It has certain advantages and great cost performance. https://puremind.com/product-category/puremind-air-conditioner/solar-air-conditioner/

　　Cool feeling mode

　　Applicable people: afraid of heat and cold.

　　Blowing the air conditioner in summer is cool, because the room temperature is lowered, and because the cold air blown by the air conditioner blows on the body, it plays the role of an electric fan.

　　The principle of the “cool feeling” function is simple: control the angle and speed of the air outlet to prevent the air conditioner from blowing at people-the traditional way is to adjust the angle of the air deflector and the speed of the fan, and the new air conditioner is even equipped with an infrared probe to prevent the wind from blowing directly at people, which is very friendly to people who are afraid of cold stars.

　　Air supply mode

　　Applicable scenario: when it is not too hot

　　Air conditioning is a combination of “cooling/heating+fan”, and the “air supply” function is to turn on the fan instead of starting the compressor, electric heating wire and other temperature-related components of the air conditioning.

　　If you want to improve the air quality, breathe and smell, you need air conditioning with fresh air system.

　　Eco mode

　　Applicable scene: before going to sleep

　　”eco”, the abbreviation of economic, is also called “energy saving” mode.

　　It is suggested that the air conditioner can be changed to this mode before going to bed. When you fall asleep at a comfortable room temperature, the air conditioner will change the temperature, increasing it in summer and decreasing it in winter. In short, it will reduce the power consumption until it is completely turned off, that is, the “sleep” mode.

　　Dehumidification mode

　　Applicable scene: hot and humid weather

　　Both “dehumidification” and “refrigeration” modes will produce refrigeration effect. The difference is that after the “dehumidification” mode is turned on, the air conditioner will appropriately cool the indoor air, let the water vapor condense into water, and then discharge it to the outside-reducing the indoor humidity, and people’s body temperature will be cooler. The main purpose of the “refrigeration” mode is to reduce the indoor temperature, and the water vapor in the condensed air is an incidental effect.

　　From the effect point of view, after opening the “dehumidification” mode, although the air conditioning temperature is not very low and it does not consume too much electricity, it will be more comfortable.

　　It should be noted that this function is only effective in areas with humid climate. If you live in a dry area, this function is not recommended.

　　Automatic mode

　　Applicable people: people who need indoor constant temperature and people who use company air conditioning.

　　To choose this mode, you need to set a temperature first, say 26 degrees Celsius. If the room temperature is lower than 26 degrees Celsius, the air conditioner will start heating; If the room temperature is higher than 26 degrees Celsius, the air conditioner will start to cool.

　　Auxiliary heating mode

　　Applicable scene: when you just enter the house in winter and are about to be frozen.

　　There are two ways to heat by air conditioning. One is a porter who relies on heat-compressor. From the thermodynamic point of view, using compression mechanism to save heat and electricity, but the heating speed is slow, and when it is particularly cold outdoors, such as below 0 degrees Celsius, the heating efficiency will become low.

　　The other is the producer of heat-electric heating wire. “Auxiliary heating” is the option of turning on the electric heating wire, which can assist the compressor to achieve the effect of rapid heating. After the room temperature reaches the set temperature, just keep the temperature by the compression mechanism. At this time, the “auxiliary heating” function can be turned off in order to save electricity.

　　Everyone can use these functions as much as possible. After all, we spent thousands of dollars to buy an air conditioner, and if we don’t drain all its functions, we will lose money!

　　Whether in cold winter or hot summer, air conditioning is an essential household appliance in our home, especially now that people’s living standards have improved, air conditioning has entered thousands of households. Many owners think that choosing air conditioning is the most important thing. I don’t know if it is familiar, but the placement of air conditioning is even more difficult. If it is not in the right position, it will bring trouble to our lives. Many people don’t know the secret of air conditioning placement. Come and have a look with Xiaobian.Through bit by bit efforts, let Puremind Marine Air Conditioners Our market share is getting higher and higher, and the return on investment is also rising steadily. https://puremind.com/

　　Where is the most correct place for air conditioning? Many people don’t know the secret of air conditioning ~!

　　Where are the air conditioners placed?

　　(1) How to place the air conditioner in the living room?

　　1. Air-conditioning is a kind of fast-running electrical appliance, so it will transfer the air flow from the outside to the home, such as the main disease in the southwest. Therefore, if the air-conditioning at home is placed in this position, it will definitely make the family suffer from illness and illness this year. Correction method: use a small fan to change the wind direction opposite the air conditioner. In addition, if you want to strengthen the above fortune, you can also move the air conditioner to this position, which has a strong effect on luck and transshipment.

　　2. The most taboo of the air conditioner outlet is to blow to the financial position, and take away the wealth at home together with the cold wind, and the door at home is the main wealth. Therefore, if the air conditioner directly faces the door, it will not only drain the wealth, but also symbolize the popularity. It means that the home is not warm. Correction method: hang a glass screen or cloth curtain at the entrance to solve it.

　　3. The air outlet of the air conditioner directly blows the main chair in the living room (that is, the sofa where three people sit), so that the face sitting here is blown very uncomfortable, which means that the backer is unstable and affects the work and career fortune. Correction: Let the air outlet of the air conditioner come from the side, or move the position of the main sofa.

　　Where is the most correct place for air conditioning? Many people don’t know the secret of air conditioning ~!

　　(2) How to place the air conditioner in the bedroom?

　　1. Air-conditioning often emits a certain amount of heat during refrigeration, so it must be installed far away from other electrical appliances and avoid being installed in corners, which can make the air-conditioning dissipate heat as soon as possible, ensure that it is not damaged, and prolong its service life.

　　2. The air conditioner is installed at a certain distance from the bed. If it is facing the bed or too close to the bed, it will easily lead to the user catching a cold or catching a cold, which will adversely affect people’s health. Therefore, everyone needs to pay special attention to this when installing the air conditioner.

　　Where is the most correct place for air conditioning? Many people don’t know the secret of air conditioning ~!

　　3. Air conditioning is installed in the bedroom in the northeast direction, because the radiation in this direction will be relatively small, so that the harm to the human body can be reduced to. In real life, many owners will ignore this problem, which is actually a very serious misunderstanding.

　　4. The height of the air conditioner installed in the bedroom is very elegant. It is not appropriate to be too high or too low. It is recommended that it be higher than one meter and lower than two meters. This height is the most suitable, and its use effect will be in a new state, and it is more convenient for daily use.

　　Where is the most correct place for air conditioning? Many people don’t know the secret of air conditioning ~!

　　What are the precautions for air conditioning placement?

　　1, kitchen air conditioning moving stove fire

　　It is the place where the whole family can fill their stomachs without installing a kitchen stove. If the air conditioner directly touches the stove fire, it will make the stove fire weak, which will damage the energy of the food in cooking, thus affecting the health of the occupants. In addition, the stove fire is also representative, so it has a great influence on the couple’s sexual life. Try not to install air conditioning in the kitchen, but if you must, try to blow the wind towards the ceiling or sideways.

　　2, the dining room air conditioning dirty food

　　Blowing the dining table directly is a big no-no, it will inevitably accumulate dust if the air conditioner blows the dining table directly, so it is very likely that the dust will fall into the hot food with the wind, and of course it is easier to cool the delicious meals on the table. Theoretically speaking, eating “dirty rice and cold dishes” for a long time will lead to the hidden worry of being defeated, so the air conditioner in the dining room should not be above or near the dining table.

　　Where is the most correct place for air conditioning? Many people don’t know the secret of air conditioning ~!

　　3, bedroom air conditioning to prevent discomfort

　　When people who use the air conditioner evenly to eliminate evil spirits sleep, the pores are wide open and the respiratory system is relatively unguarded. Therefore, if the air conditioner blows directly on the human body, it will not only make the body uncomfortable and catch a cold, but also attract evil spirits more easily. Therefore, the air outlet will be raised upwards, or the windows in the room will be slightly opened to even the cold air coming straight.

　　4. Air conditioning in the study transports energy

　　Wenchang’s good luck comes to the air conditioner to make people cool, so it has the function of condensing thinking and improving reading concentration. If the air conditioner in the study can be moved to the north and the energy of air conditioning operation can be used, it will drive Wenchang’s good luck and be beneficial to candidates or people who study knowledge. Of course, remember not to blow the air outlet toward your face or head, lest your head be unbearable before you finish reading the book.

　　Xiaobian will introduce the relevant information about the placement of air conditioners here for everyone. The placement of air conditioners directly affects our daily life and fortune. If you are also worried about the placement of air conditioners, you may wish to refer to the suggestions in the article and choose the optimal scheme, so as to feel the comfort brought by air conditioners to a certain extent without affecting human health. I hope that the knowledge summarized by Xiaobian can bring you help.

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According to a Reuters report quoted by KCNA on March 20, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un directed the ground ignition test of a new medium-and long-range hypersonic missile with a multistage solid fuel engine as part of North Korea’s plan to develop its national defense capabilities.

KCNA said the test was carried out on the morning and afternoon of the 19th at the Sohai Satellite Launch Site near the west coast of North Korea.

The report said that the test was a great success, and the timetable for the development and completion of the new medium-and long-range hypersonic missile weapon system was determined.

The report mentioned that in January this year, North Korea conducted a flight test of a medium-range hypersonic missile. At that time, North Korea announced that it had used a new solid fuel engine and also conducted operational tests of a mobile warhead.

KCNA did not disclose details about the engine tested on the 19th, nor did it explain the type of technology tested.

The report pointed out that North Korea is developing an intercontinental ballistic missile capable of striking the United States. (Compiled by Hu Xue)

　　It’s getting hot, and it’s time to turn on the air conditioner. But can you really use air conditioning? Is it only cooling in summer and heating in winter? Air-conditioning remote controllers are generally equipped with a variety of use modes, and different modes have different use effects. Let’s take a look at it.In the past ten years, Puremind Industrial Chillers Defeated many competitors, courageously advanced in the struggle, and polished many good products for customers. https://puremind.com/

　　Cool feeling mode

　　Applicable people: afraid of heat and cold.

　　Blowing the air conditioner in summer is cool, because the room temperature is lowered, and because the cold air blown by the air conditioner blows on the body, it plays the role of an electric fan.

　　The principle of the “cool feeling” function is simple: control the angle and speed of the air outlet to prevent the air conditioner from blowing at people-the traditional way is to adjust the angle of the air deflector and the speed of the fan, and the new air conditioner is even equipped with an infrared probe to prevent the wind from blowing directly at people, which is very friendly to people who are afraid of cold stars.

　　Air supply mode

　　Applicable scenario: when it is not too hot

　　Air conditioning is a combination of “cooling/heating+fan”, and the “air supply” function is to turn on the fan instead of starting the compressor, electric heating wire and other temperature-related components of the air conditioning.

　　If you want to improve the air quality, breathe and smell, you need air conditioning with fresh air system.

　　Eco mode

　　Applicable scene: before going to sleep

　　”eco”, the abbreviation of economic, is also called “energy saving” mode.

　　It is suggested that the air conditioner can be changed to this mode before going to bed. When you fall asleep at a comfortable room temperature, the air conditioner will change the temperature, increasing it in summer and decreasing it in winter. In short, it will reduce the power consumption until it is completely turned off, that is, the “sleep” mode.

　　Dehumidification mode

　　Applicable scene: hot and humid weather

　　Both “dehumidification” and “refrigeration” modes will produce refrigeration effect. The difference is that after the “dehumidification” mode is turned on, the air conditioner will appropriately cool the indoor air, let the water vapor condense into water, and then discharge it to the outside-reducing the indoor humidity, and people’s body temperature will be cooler. The main purpose of the “refrigeration” mode is to reduce the indoor temperature, and the water vapor in the condensed air is an incidental effect.

　　From the effect point of view, after opening the “dehumidification” mode, although the air conditioning temperature is not very low and it does not consume too much electricity, it will be more comfortable.

　　It should be noted that this function is only effective in areas with humid climate. If you live in a dry area, this function is not recommended.

　　Automatic mode

　　Applicable people: people who need indoor constant temperature and people who use company air conditioning.

　　To choose this mode, you need to set a temperature first, say 26 degrees Celsius. If the room temperature is lower than 26 degrees Celsius, the air conditioner will start heating; If the room temperature is higher than 26 degrees Celsius, the air conditioner will start to cool.

　　Auxiliary heating mode

　　Applicable scene: when you just enter the house in winter and are about to be frozen.

　　There are two ways to heat by air conditioning. One is a porter who relies on heat-compressor. From the thermodynamic point of view, using compression mechanism to save heat and electricity, but the heating speed is slow, and when it is particularly cold outdoors, such as below 0 degrees Celsius, the heating efficiency will become low.

　　The other is the producer of heat-electric heating wire. “Auxiliary heating” is the option of turning on the electric heating wire, which can assist the compressor to achieve the effect of rapid heating. After the room temperature reaches the set temperature, just keep the temperature by the compression mechanism. At this time, the “auxiliary heating” function can be turned off in order to save electricity.

　　Everyone can use these functions as much as possible. After all, we spent thousands of dollars to buy an air conditioner, and if we don’t drain all its functions, we will lose money!

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According to a report by Russian Satellite News Agency on July 16, US President Biden said on the 15th that Republican vice presidential candidate James Vance is a complete clone of Trump.

According to reports, Biden told reporters: He is a clone of Trump on all issues. I don’t see any difference.

Former U.S. President Trump received enough delegate votes at the Republican National Convention on the 15th and was officially nominated as the Republican presidential candidate in the 2024 U.S. presidential election. Trump also announced on the same day that he had chosen Ohio Senator Vance as his running mate.

Mike Johnson, Republican Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, officially announced at the convention that day that he would nominate Trump and Vance as Republican presidential and vice presidential candidates.

Vance was born in 1984. He was elected to the Ohio Senate in 2022 and was sworn in January 2023. He was a fierce critic of Trump, but has since become an ally of the former president.

　　It’s getting hot, and it’s time to turn on the air conditioner. But can you really use air conditioning? Is it only cooling in summer and heating in winter? Air-conditioning remote controllers are generally equipped with a variety of use modes, and different modes have different use effects. Let’s take a look at it.At first, chilled water system It developed out of control and gradually opened up a sky of its own. https://puremind.com/product-category/puremind-air-conditioner/industrial-chiller/

　　Cool feeling mode

　　Applicable people: afraid of heat and cold.

　　Blowing the air conditioner in summer is cool, because the room temperature is lowered, and because the cold air blown by the air conditioner blows on the body, it plays the role of an electric fan.

　　The principle of the “cool feeling” function is simple: control the angle and speed of the air outlet to prevent the air conditioner from blowing at people-the traditional way is to adjust the angle of the air deflector and the speed of the fan, and the new air conditioner is even equipped with an infrared probe to prevent the wind from blowing directly at people, which is very friendly to people who are afraid of cold stars.

　　Air supply mode

　　Applicable scenario: when it is not too hot

　　Air conditioning is a combination of “cooling/heating+fan”, and the “air supply” function is to turn on the fan instead of starting the compressor, electric heating wire and other temperature-related components of the air conditioning.

　　If you want to improve the air quality, breathe and smell, you need air conditioning with fresh air system.

　　Eco mode

　　Applicable scene: before going to sleep

　　”eco”, the abbreviation of economic, is also called “energy saving” mode.

　　It is suggested that the air conditioner can be changed to this mode before going to bed. When you fall asleep at a comfortable room temperature, the air conditioner will change the temperature, increasing it in summer and decreasing it in winter. In short, it will reduce the power consumption until it is completely turned off, that is, the “sleep” mode.

　　Dehumidification mode

　　Applicable scene: hot and humid weather

　　Both “dehumidification” and “refrigeration” modes will produce refrigeration effect. The difference is that after the “dehumidification” mode is turned on, the air conditioner will appropriately cool the indoor air, let the water vapor condense into water, and then discharge it to the outside-reducing the indoor humidity, and people’s body temperature will be cooler. The main purpose of the “refrigeration” mode is to reduce the indoor temperature, and the water vapor in the condensed air is an incidental effect.

　　From the effect point of view, after opening the “dehumidification” mode, although the air conditioning temperature is not very low and it does not consume too much electricity, it will be more comfortable.

　　It should be noted that this function is only effective in areas with humid climate. If you live in a dry area, this function is not recommended.

　　Automatic mode

　　Applicable people: people who need indoor constant temperature and people who use company air conditioning.

　　To choose this mode, you need to set a temperature first, say 26 degrees Celsius. If the room temperature is lower than 26 degrees Celsius, the air conditioner will start heating; If the room temperature is higher than 26 degrees Celsius, the air conditioner will start to cool.

　　Auxiliary heating mode

　　Applicable scene: when you just enter the house in winter and are about to be frozen.

　　There are two ways to heat by air conditioning. One is a porter who relies on heat-compressor. From the thermodynamic point of view, using compression mechanism to save heat and electricity, but the heating speed is slow, and when it is particularly cold outdoors, such as below 0 degrees Celsius, the heating efficiency will become low.

　　The other is the producer of heat-electric heating wire. “Auxiliary heating” is the option of turning on the electric heating wire, which can assist the compressor to achieve the effect of rapid heating. After the room temperature reaches the set temperature, just keep the temperature by the compression mechanism. At this time, the “auxiliary heating” function can be turned off in order to save electricity.

　　Everyone can use these functions as much as possible. After all, we spent thousands of dollars to buy an air conditioner, and if we don’t drain all its functions, we will lose money!

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According to a report by Russian Satellite News Agency on May 15, the Russian Ministry of Defense said on the 15th that in the past 24 hours, Russian air defense systems shot down a Ukraine MiG-29 fighter jet, 40 drones, 12 Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) missiles, 45 Haima rockets and other targets.

According to reports, the Russian Ministry of Defense stated that the air defense system shot down a MiG-29 aircraft of the Ukraine Air Force, 40 drones, 4 US-made Hamm anti-radiation missiles, 12 US-made ATACMS missiles and Dot-U missiles, 45 US-made Haima, Hurricane and Alder rockets.

The Russian Defense Ministry also said that in the past day, the Ukrainian army lost 1295 soldiers.

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According to Bloomberg News reported on May 20, copper prices soared to their highest level in history, continuing their months-long rally. The rally was driven by financial investors who poured into the market amid predictions that supply shortages would intensify.

Copper futures prices on the London Metal Exchange rose more than 4%. Copper prices topped US$110,000 a tonne for the first time, but gave up some of their gains in afternoon trading.

For months, banks, mining and investment funds have been touting copper’s bright long-term prospects. In the past few weeks, investment has poured into the market.

Several developments in 2024 have emboldened copper bulls and attracted more and more speculative funds. Rumors are rampant that tight supply of copper ore has caused smelters to cut production. Investors predict that a surge in copper use in fast-growing sectors such as electric vehicles, renewable energy and artificial intelligence will offset the drag caused by traditional industries such as construction.

In early April, copper prices began to rise. Last week, a short squeeze on the New York futures market triggered a global rush to buy copper, and copper prices rose into overdrive.

Investors, traders and mining executives have been warning for years that the world will face severe copper shortages as demand for green industries surges.

However, many people involved in physical transactions warn that copper prices are outperforming reality. Demand remains relatively tepid, especially in China, the largest buyer, where inventory levels remain high and suppliers of copper wire and rod have been cutting production.

Since the beginning of this year, copper prices have risen by more than a quarter, leading the overall increase in major industrial metals. Like copper, gold prices also rose to record levels. Both metals are supported by optimism that the Federal Reserve will start cutting interest rates this year. (Compiled by Qiu Fang)

　　There are many kinds of refrigeration methods, such as gas expansion refrigeration, liquid gasification refrigeration, vortex tube refrigeration and thermoelectric refrigeration. Among them, liquid gasification refrigeration is the most widely used, and its working principle is to realize refrigeration by using the heat absorption of liquid gasification.pass commercial air conditioner As can be seen from its market performance, it has strong vitality and strong appeal. https://puremind.com/product-category/puremind-air-conditioner/commercial-air-conditioner/

　　1, the working principle of air conditioning (mainly refrigeration, heating on the contrary):

　　The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor flows through the outdoor heat exchanger through the four-way valve, and dissipates heat to the outdoor air through heating transfer, and the refrigerant changes from gaseous state to liquid state-throttles and depressurizes through capillary (or solenoid valve)-one-way valve-filter-two-way valve (outdoor high-pressure pipe)-enters the indoor heat exchanger to absorb heat (realize refrigeration)-outdoor three-way valve (outdoor low-pressure pipe). Complete a single-loop refrigeration cycle.

　　2. Types of components in refrigeration system:

　　The air conditioning refrigeration system is mainly composed of four parts and some auxiliary equipment in the refrigeration system.

　　The four major pieces are:

　　compressor

　　condenser

　　Throttle mechanism

　　Evaporator composition.

　　Auxiliary equipment:

　　Oil separator;

　　Drying filter;

　　Liquid storage tank;

　　Electromagnetic four-way reversing valve;

　　Solenoid valve; Check valve

　　3, the working principle of each component

　　Compressor: As the “heart” of refrigeration system, it has an important influence on the performance, noise, energy consumption, vibration and service life of air conditioning. According to the principle of thermodynamics, it can be divided into volumetric type and velocity type.

　　Volumetric type: a certain volume of gas is sucked into the cylinder and the internal volume of the cylinder is changed to realize gas compression and forced discharge.

　　Speed type: make the inhaled gas get a certain speed, and then slow down, so that kinetic energy can be converted into pressure energy and then discharged. The growth of gas is converted from speed.

　　one

　　Scroll compressor: It is formed by meshing two vortexes of stator and rotor.

　　Rotor compressor: it consists of spindle with eccentric wheel, cylinder, sleeve, air inlet, slide plate, spring, exhaust valve and exhaust port.

　　Condenser: The condenser transfers the refrigerating capacity of the evaporator in the refrigeration system to the environmental medium (cooling water or air) together with the power consumption of the compressor. According to cooling, it can be divided into air-cooled type, water-cooled type and evaporative type. When cooling, it mainly radiates heat to the outside, and when heating, it absorbs heat to the outside.

　　Evaporator: The main function of the evaporator is to boil and evaporate the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid that has entered the throttle in the evaporator, absorb the heat of the cooled medium, and then become low-pressure saturated (usually overheated) vapor itself, which is continuously sucked away by the compressor. In other words, the evaporator is a heat exchange device that absorbs heat (that is, outputs cold energy).

　　Throttle element: Throttle element is one of the four main elements in the refrigeration system. Its main function is to throttle and reduce the pressure of high-pressure liquid refrigerant, ensure the pressure difference between condenser and evaporator, and make the refrigerant entering the evaporator absorb heat and evaporate at the required low pressure, thus achieving the purpose of refrigeration and cooling. Adjust the refrigerant flow into the evaporator to adapt to the load change of the evaporator and make the system run normally.

　　Capillary: It is a very thin tube, usually with an inner diameter of 0.5 ~ 2.5 mm and a length of 1 ~ 5 m.. When the refrigerant flows in the tube, it is necessary to overcome the resistance in the tube, which naturally produces a certain pressure drop.

　　Capillary characteristics: Because it is in the normally open state, when the compressor stops, the high and low pressure can be quickly balanced, which is conducive to the compressor starting again. Simple structure, convenient manufacture and low price. For the heat pump system, there is no import and export problem in the throttling process of refrigerant in capillary [this article source: refrigeration encyclopedia WeChat official account” target=_blank>. Using capillary refrigeration system, the performance of the unit is very sensitive to the refrigerant charge. When the operating conditions of the refrigeration system change, the capillary tube has poor ability to adjust the refrigerant flow. Due to the small inner diameter of capillary and long pipeline, it is easy to be blocked, so attention should be paid to the drying and cleaning of the system. Generally, a dry filter is set in front of the capillary to prevent clogging.

　　Thermal expansion valve: the regulating valve that controls the liquid supply of evaporator, and it is also the throttle valve of refrigeration device. Thermal expansion valve uses the change of superheat of refrigerant at evaporator outlet to adjust the flow. According to different structures, it can be divided into internal balance type and external balance type.

　　Disadvantages of thermal expansion valve: low control precision and limited adjustment range. The diaphragm deformation of valve body is limited, which makes the change range of valve needle opening smaller, so the adjustment range of flow is small. When large flow regulation is required, it cannot be met. The high-temperature gas at the place where the signal feedback has a lag evaporator must first heat the shell of the temperature sensor, which has a large thermal inertia, leading to the lag of the reaction.

　　2

　　Electronic expansion valve: the application of electronic expansion valve overcomes the shortcomings of thermal expansion valve and provides conditions for the intelligence of refrigeration device. The electric signal generated by adjusting parameters is mainly used to control the voltage or current applied to the expansion valve, so as to achieve the purpose of adjustment, so that the control system of the electronic expansion valve is complicated and the price is high.

　　Electronic expansion valve classification:

　　Electromagnetic electronic expansion valve;

　　Electric electronic expansion valve.

　　4. Auxiliary equipment of refrigeration system

　　Oil separator: The high-pressure gas (gaseous working medium and lubricating oil) from the compressor enters the oil separator to separate the lubricating oil from the working medium gas and flows down along the inner wall of the cylinder. The working gas is led out of the oil separator from the central pipe through the porous baffle. The separated lubricating oil is concentrated in the lower part of the oil separator and can be discharged regularly, or the lubricating oil can be automatically returned to the crankcase of the compressor by using the ball valve.

　　Drying filter: The function of drying filter is to absorb moisture in refrigeration system, prevent impurities in the system from passing through, and prevent the pipeline of refrigeration system from being blocked by ice and dirt. Because the most easily blocked part of the system is the capillary (or expansion valve), the drying filter is usually installed between the condenser and the capillary (or expansion valve).

　　Liquid storage tank: During the operation of the refrigeration system, the circulating amount of refrigerant in the system will change due to the change of working conditions or the adjustment of refrigeration capacity. Setting the liquid storage tank can balance and stabilize the refrigerant circulation in the system by using the liquid storage capacity of the liquid storage tank, so that the refrigeration system can be in normal operation. In addition, when a component in the refrigeration system fails and needs to be dismantled and repaired, the system refrigerant can be recovered to the liquid storage tank through certain operation methods.

　　The liquid storage tank is generally arranged between the condenser and the throttling element, so that the refrigerant liquid in the condenser can smoothly enter the liquid storage tank. The position of the liquid storage tank should be lower than that of the condenser.

　　Electromagnetic four-way reversing valve: after the electromagnetic coil is energized, it changes the action direction of the valve block in the valve body and changes the flow direction of the refrigerant. So as to achieve the purpose of cooling or heating.

　　three

　　Solenoid valve: Solenoid valve is usually installed in front of the expansion valve to directly control the amount of refrigerant entering the evaporator. It can also be installed before the compressor unloading cylinder to control the unloading of the compressor cylinder.

　　There are two kinds:

　　Direct opening and closing solenoid valve;

　　Indirect solenoid valve.

　　One-way valve: The one-way valve is usually connected in parallel with the auxiliary capillary, and the two are connected in series with the main capillary. One-way valve is a tubular element with a movable spherical or hemispherical plug made of stainless steel or nylon. Combined with capillary tube, it can adapt to two different operating conditions of refrigeration and heating.

　　5. Types and States of Refrigerant

　　Air conditioning refrigerants mainly include R22, R410A and R32.

　　R22 is a medium-temperature refrigerant, with the standard of -40.8 degrees, the solubility of water in R22 is very small, and it is mutually soluble with mineral oil, and R22 does not burn or explode, with little toxicity and strong permeability.

　　R410A is a HFC refrigerant which is composed of R32 and R125 by 50% and 50% by mass. [This article comes from WeChat official account, a refrigeration encyclopedia” target=_blank>, which belongs to a near azeotrope, and its thermodynamic properties are very close to that of a single refrigerant. Compared with R22, R410A’s condensation pressure is increased by 1.6 times, and it is a high-pressure refrigerant, so it is necessary to improve the compression strength of the system.

　　R32 is the abbreviation of difluoromethane, which is a kind of coolant with zero ozone loss potential. It is a gas at room temperature and a colorless and transparent liquid under its own pressure. It is soluble in oil and insoluble in water, and it is an energy-saving and carbon-reducing environment-friendly non-toxic refrigerant, but it is flammable and explosive!

　　6. Refrigerant status

　　Saturated refrigerant: Vapor-liquid conversion in saturated refrigerant is in transport equilibrium, and liquid and gas at this time are in saturation.

　　There is a one-to-one correspondence between saturation temperature and saturation pressure, and the saturation pressure increases with the increase of saturation temperature, and one of them will change and the other will change accordingly. In the system, the refrigerant in the evaporator absorbs heat and the refrigerant in the condenser releases heat, where the refrigerant is saturated.

　　Superheat: Under a certain pressure, the temperature of superheated steam exceeds the saturation temperature.

　　Overheating: the temperature of refrigerant vapor in superheated refrigerant is higher than the saturation temperature under the corresponding saturation pressure, and the liquid refrigerant will overheat after evaporation. In the case of overheating, there is no one-to-one correspondence between the temperature and pressure of refrigerant gas.

　　Near the outlet of the evaporator, the refrigerant continues to absorb heat after complete evaporation and becomes superheated refrigerant with a temperature higher than the saturation temperature. The refrigerant enters the compressor through the suction pipe in case of overheating.

　　Supercooling: The liquid temperature of the supercooled refrigerant is lower than the saturation temperature at the corresponding saturation pressure, and supercooling will only occur when there is no steam in the fluid refrigerant. In the case of supercooling, there is no one-to-one correspondence between the temperature and pressure of refrigerant liquid.

　　Between the outlet of the condenser and the throttle valve, the refrigerant may continue to cool exothermically and become supercooled after condensing into saturated liquid.

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According to Bloomberg News reported on May 20, copper prices soared to their highest level in history, continuing their months-long rally. The rally was driven by financial investors who poured into the market amid predictions that supply shortages would intensify.

Copper futures prices on the London Metal Exchange rose more than 4%. Copper prices topped US$110,000 a tonne for the first time, but gave up some of their gains in afternoon trading.

For months, banks, mining and investment funds have been touting copper’s bright long-term prospects. In the past few weeks, investment has poured into the market.

Several developments in 2024 have emboldened copper bulls and attracted more and more speculative funds. Rumors are rampant that tight supply of copper ore has caused smelters to cut production. Investors predict that a surge in copper use in fast-growing sectors such as electric vehicles, renewable energy and artificial intelligence will offset the drag caused by traditional industries such as construction.

In early April, copper prices began to rise. Last week, a short squeeze on the New York futures market triggered a global rush to buy copper, and copper prices rose into overdrive.

Investors, traders and mining executives have been warning for years that the world will face severe copper shortages as demand for green industries surges.

However, many people involved in physical transactions warn that copper prices are outperforming reality. Demand remains relatively tepid, especially in China, the largest buyer, where inventory levels remain high and suppliers of copper wire and rod have been cutting production.

Since the beginning of this year, copper prices have risen by more than a quarter, leading the overall increase in major industrial metals. Like copper, gold prices also rose to record levels. Both metals are supported by optimism that the Federal Reserve will start cutting interest rates this year. (Compiled by Qiu Fang)